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Đề thi thử TOEFL ITP số 24 (ĐÁP ÁN CUỐI BÀI)

1A She is younger than her sister .

B she does not spend much time with her sister’s children.

C she does not get along well with her sister

D she no longer resembles her sister.

2A Paper plates are cheaper than dishes.

B Dishes break more easily than paper plates.

C There is no need to wash any dishes now.

D The woman’s roommate will return soon.

3A She has not applied to any universities yet,

B She will begin university classes in a few weeks.

C She does not know yet if a university will accept her.

D She is too busy to contact the university right now.

4A Reconsider his position later

B Allow the student to miss class

C Lower the student’s grade

D Suggest that the student try to reschedule the operation

5A He does not have enough money for the trip yet.

B He is planning to work during spring break .

C The trip is too far off in the future to think about.

D He has changed his mind about going to Canada.

6A The photograph is not good enough to send.

B The photograph was not taken at the Grand Canyon.

C They already sent Mary a photograph of their vacation.

D Sending pictures through the mail is too expensive.

7A She should have asked to be excused from the trip.

B She deserves the zero.

C She is right to be angry.

D She should have gone on the field trip.

8A He wants to live off campus.

B There are advantages and disadvantages to living off campus.

C Living space in the dorm is crowded.

D There are only a few apartments available off campus.

9A Turn down the volume of the music

B Turn the music off

C Play a different style of music.

D Listen to music in a different room.

10A It took a long time to finish the building.

B He was too busy to notice the opening of the hotel.

C He did not know the hotel had a restaurant.

D He would like to meet the woman for brunch next Sunday.

11A Go to her class.

B Cancel her appointment with the president.

C Ask her professor to excuse her from class.

D Attend the presentation.

12A She admires Steve’s relationship with his father.

B She does not know Steve or his father.

C Her daughter is older than Steve.

D She disagrees with the man.

13A He has heard the new CD.

B He does not enjoy classical music.

C He is not interested in the CD.

D He rarely listens to music.

14A Buy tickets for the next showing.

B Leave the theater

C Change their seats for a better view

D Ask the couple in front of them to be quiet

15A The library closes earlier during the summer.

B The library is closed during summer vacation.

C The library will be open until midnight tonight.

D She does not usually go to the library during the summer.

16A She is sorry the man has to cancel the plans

B She wants to hand in her report early.

C She would like to go with the man.

D she does not usually enjoy the symphony.

17A He has other plans for the evening

B He is looking forward to attending the party.

C He often misses Linda’s parties.

D he wants to know if he should bring anything to the party.

18A There is just about enough time to do the job

B The desk has never been so orderly.

C The clock on the desk needs to be set.

D The desk really needs organizing.

19A He enjoys looking at the flowers.

B He thinks the park is boring.

C He does not like walking with the woman.

D He does not see any trees.

20A There are not very many hotels in the area.

B She stayed at the Clover Inn last month.

C She is not sure the man’s parents would like the Clover Inn.

D It may be too late to get a room at the Clover Inn.

21A Wait until later to eat

B Go to the cafeteria without her

C Bring her some food from the cafeteria

D Meet her at the cafeteria

22A He has to work with his brother .

B He has no definite plans.

C He usually works on weekends.

D His plants depend on the woman.

23A Buy stamps at the post office

B Mail the woman’s bill

C Drive to the woman’s house

D Pick up a package from the post office

24A The woman should call Bill to check his schedule.

B The woman should have left for the airport earlier.

C The woman does not need to rush to meet Bill .

D Traffic near the airport could delay the woman’s arrival.

25A She did better on the quiz than the man did.

B She did not have to take the quiz.

C She has not yet received her grade on the quiz.

D She did not do well on the quiz.

26A He will be happy to share their dessert

B He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive.

C He expected the traffic to be bad.

D He is not upset that they ate lunch.

27A She has to quit her job in the laboratory.

B She cut herself while working in the laboratory.

C She enjoys doing laboratory experiments.

D She feels that the man is dedicated to his work too.

28A Ask for directions

B Try a different route to the beach

C Go back for the map

D Cancel their trip

29A He would like the woman to reschedule the meeting.

B He will meet the woman briefly on Friday

C The report will not be ready until Thursday.

D The report was finished last Friday.

30A Find out when the bookstore opens

B Withdraw some cash

C Inquire about a job

D Spend her extra money on books

31A Ways to determine the age of a fossil

B The identity of a fossil the woman found

C A comparison of two shellfish fossils

D Plans for a field trip to look for fossils

32A The class is going to study them .

B They evolved from brachiopods.

C They are similar to brachiopods in appearance.

D They belong to the same species as brachiopods.

33A It has a ribbed shell.

B It has an unusually large valve.

C It was found near the water.

D It is smaller than a mollusc.

34A He has never seen a fossil that old.

B It could be many millions of years old.

C It is probably a recent specimen.

D He will ask the lab how old it is.

35A Take it to class

B Put it in her collection

C Take it to the lab

D Leave it with her professor

36A A jewelry store robbery

B Buying a birthday present

C Writing a story

D Doing research for a class assignment

37A Her professor did not like her story .

B She had trouble finishing her assignment

C she did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.

D She was taking too many courses,

38A Take some extra time

B Do a writing exercise

C Do some work for another course

D Write the story ending first

39A To go shopping

B To do research for her story

C To meet with her professor

D To take a break from her work

40A To describe ways pests can damage plants

B To examine the life cycle of caterpillars

C To explain how corn plants develop

D To describe how a natural pesticide works

41A Caterpillars chewing on its leaves

B Wasps laying eggs on its leaves

C Pesticides sprayed on its leaves

D Knives cutting its stalk

42A By flying in circles around a field

B By detecting a chemical signal

C By inspecting individual corn leaves

D By noticing the caterpillar’s coloration

43A Recently discovered manuscripts

B Similarities among religions

C Methods of analyzing ancient manuscripts

D How ancient manuscripts are preserved

44A The simplicity of their language

B Their age

C The location of their discovery

D The material they are made of

45A Orally preserved teachings

B A collection of letters

C A diary

D A scholarly article

46A Ancient settlers in Asia

B How Buddhism is practiced today

C The spread of Buddhism in Asia

D Why some languages disappear

47A The language they are written in is not widely known.

B They cannot be moved from where they were found

C The writing in them has faded

D Many people want credit for the discovery.

48A The advantages of an economy based on farming

B Reasons farmers continued using river transportation

C The role of cotton in the United States economy

D Improved methods of transporting farm crops

49A The new technology used to build roads

B The ability to transport goods over land

C The trade in grain and cotton

D The linking of smaller local roads into one long road

50A Reduced charges for transporting farm products

B Required payment from vehicles that used their roads

C Made repairs to older roads

D Installed streetlights on roads connecting major cities

10月语法

1.The musical comedy Oklahoma! did much to expand the potential of the musical stage, and it encouraged others to attempt......

(a)original themes

(b)to original themes

(c)that were original themes

(d)how original themes

2.Despite its fishlike form, the whale is......and will drown if submerged too long.

(a)an animal breathes air that

(b)an animal that breathes air

(c)an animal breathes air

(d)that an animal breathes air

3.The saguaro ,found in desert regions in the southwestern United States ,......cactus in the world.

(a)is the largest

(b)the largest

(c)that is the largest

(d)the largest that is a

4.It is said that United Stales literature......individuality and identity in the twentieth century, after long imitation of European models.

(a)was achieved

(b)achieved

(c)to achieve

(d)achieving

5.Lucy Stone ,......first feminists in the United States ,helped organize the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.

(a)the one

(b)who was the

(c)another

(d)one of the

6.......,including climate, mineral content, and the permanency of surface water, wetlands may be mossy ,grassy , scrubby, or wooded.

(a)Depending on many factors

(b)Many factors depending on

(c)Factors depending on many

(d)On many factors depending

(7)Duke Ellington's orchestra ,......his own often complex compositions, made many innovations in jazz.

(a)he played

(b)playing

(c)that it played

(d)was playing

(8)The term "ice age" refers to any of several periods of time when glaciers covered considerably more of Earth's surface......

(a)as is today

(b)than today is

(c)than they do today

(d)that today

(9)From colonial times ,United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the theory......directly from services that the government could provide.

(a)property owners benefited so that

(b)why property owners benefited

(c)that if property owners benefited

(d)that property owners benefited

(10)Helium is not flammable and ,next to hydrogen ,is......

(a)known the lightest gas

(b)lightest the known gas

(c)the lightest gas known

(d)the known gas lightest

(11)Wild eagles that survive to adulthood are believed......from 20 to 30 years.

(a)live

(b)to live

(c)they live

(d)their living

(12)Portland,......,is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas overlooking Casco Bay and its many island.

(a)which Maine's largest city

(b)Maine's largest city where

(c)is Maine's largest city

(d)Maine's largest city

13.......widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed by the glass industry.

(a)Despite

(b)Whether

(c)Though

(d)Except for

14.Cells,first identified by the early microscopists, began to be considered......in the nineteenth century.

(a)them as microcosm of living organisms

(b)the microcosm of living organisms

(c)the microcosm of living organisms to be

(d)as which ,the microcosm of living organisms

15.Like Jupiter, Saturn is a large ,gaseous planet composed......of hydrogen and helium.

(a)it is mostly

(b)mostly

(c)almost

(d)both are almost

16．Bacterial cultures are used commercially in the preparation of food products such that yogurt ,sour cream ,and vinegar.

17.Anyone with absolute ,or perfect,pitch are able to identify by ear any note at some standard pitch or to sing a specified note at will.

18.Sea horses usually live along the shore among seaweed and other plants to which they cling to by their tails.

19.Babies have soft spots between the bones of their skulls ,which allowing for further growth.

20.T.S.Elot,who a poet ,playwright, literary critic ,and editor ,was a leader of the Modemist movement in poetry.

21.The Pacific Ocean comprises almost the entire boundary western of North and South America.

22．Established in 1948 ,the State University of New York is the singly largest university system in the United States.

23.Photography disseminates information about humanity and nature ,records the visible world, and extension human knowledge into areas the eye cannot penetrate.

24.Because of their rapidly changing economically fortunes, many frontier towns of the American West underwent spectacular fluctuations in population in the nineteenth century.

25.Virtually no disease exists today for which there is no drug that can be given ,neither to cure the disease or to alleviate its symptoms.

26.Calcium is essential for blood clotting ,for the action of certain enzymes, and for the normal contraction and relax of muscles.

27.The large collection of the Williams College Museum of Art includes ancient and medieval art ,but much exhibits are modern or contemporary.

28.The technique of spectroscopy allows analyst of incoming light after it has been separated into its component wavelengths by passage through a prism.

29.Today ,fifty years after its construction ,the Alaska Highway conveys 40,000 vehicles in normal year.

30.Since prehistoric times ,artists (have been) arranged colors on surfaces (in ways) (that express) their ideas (about people) ,the world ,and religion.

31.(Few substances) look less (alike than) coal and diamonds ,yet both (are fashioned) (from same) elemental carbon.

32.Meteorologists can program their computes to scan for a specific set of weather criteria, such as falling barometric pressure ,increase cloud cover ,and rising humidity.

33.Obsidian is formed when siliceous lava cools too rapidly to crystallized into rock-forming minerals.

34.European settlers in North America moved from the Atlantic coast across 3,000 miles forests, grasslands, deserts, and mountains until they reached the Pacific Ocean.

35.Philosophy tries to discover the nature of true and knowledge and to find what is of basic value and importance in life.

36.In this world of high technology ,it is easy to forget that the most important tools ever developed for learning is still the book.

37.The element potassium makes up less than one half percentage of the human body.

38.Twenty thousand years ago a sheet of ice a thousand meters thick covered the coastal region which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located.

39.The Crow ,Blackfoot ,and Sioux tribes traditionally adorned they dwellings and costumes with colorful and highly valued beaded decorations.

40.In the late 1800’s ,United States painter Thomas Eakins develop a broad ,powerful Realist style that became almost expressionistic in his later years.

Questions 1-9:

Europa is the smallest of planet Jupiter’s four largest moons and the second moon

out from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic. Then

came the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and within

days, Europa was transformed-in our perception, at least-into one of the solar system’s

(5)most intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail,

especially from far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinked

brown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. And this analogy is not far off the mark.

The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence of

craters indicates that Europa’s surface ice resembles Earth’s Antarctic ice cap. The

(10) eggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as a few kilometers

thick –a true shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that , in turn, encases

a rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the eons by tidal forces

generated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as they wheel around

Jupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting internal heat

(15) keeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the surface. The cracklike marks on

Europa’s icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below.

Soon after Voyager 2’s encounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best images of

Europa were obtained, researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa’s subsurface

ocean might harbor life. Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was releasing a

(20 )vast store of internal heat. Jupiter’s early heat was produced by the compression of the

material forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the primal

Sun, so the internal heat generated by Jupiter is minor compared to its former intensity.

During this warm phase, some 4.6 billion years ago, Europa’s ocean may have been liquid

right to the surface, making it a crucible for life.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The effect of the tides on Europa’s interior

(B) Temperature variations on Jupiter’s moons

(D) Techniques used by Voyager 2 to obtain close-up images.

2. The word “intriguing” in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) changing

(B) perfect

(D) fascinating

3. In line 7, the another mentions “cracks in an eggshell” in order to help readers

(A) visualize Europa as scientists saw it in the Voyager 2 images

(B) appreciate the extensive and detailed information available by viewing Europa from far away

(D) recognize the similarity of Europa to Jupiter’s other moons

4. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979

(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europa

(B) considered Europa the most important of Jupiter’s moons

(D) did nor mention Europa because it had not yet been discovered

5. what does the author mean by stating in line 7 that “this analogy is not far off the mark”?

(A) The definition is not precise.

(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.

(D) The comparison is quite appropriate.

6. IT can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in common which of the following?

(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.

(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.

(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.

7. The word “endless” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) new

(B) final

(D) continuous

8. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter’s other large moons on Europa?

(A) They prevent Europa’s subsurface waters from freezing.

(B) They prevent tides that could damage Europa’s surface.

(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europa is maintained at a steady level.

9 According to the passage, what is believed to cause the thin lines seen on Europa’s surface?

(A) A long period of extremely high tides

(B) Water breaking through from beneath the surface ice

(D) Heat generated by the hot rocky core

Question 10-19

Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples of

the Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were, in a way, already adapted to beginnings of

cultivation through their intensive gathering and processing of wild plant foods. In both

areas, there was a well-established ground stone tool technology, a method of pounding

(5)and grinding nuts and other plant foods, that could be adapted to newly cultivated foods.

By the end of the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certain

native plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or marsh elder;

and squash or gourds of some kind. These provided seeds that were important sources of carbohydrates and fat in the diet.

(10) The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of the

Midwest and the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years ago

and domestication beginning 4,000 to 2,000 years ago. Although the term “Neolithic” is

not used in North American prehistory, these were the first steps toward the same major subsistence changes that took place during the Neolithic (8,000-2,000 B.C.) period

(15)elsewhere in the world.

Archaeologists debate the reasons for beginning cultivation in the eastern part of the

continent. Although population and sedentary living were increasing at the time, there is

little evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources; the newly domesticated

foods supplemented a continuing mixed subsistence of hunting, fishing, and gathering

(20)wild plants, Increasing predictability of food supplies may have been a motive. It has been suggested that some early cultivation was for medicinal and ceremonial plants rather than

for food. One archaeologist has pointed out that the early domesticated plants were all

weedy species that do well in open, disturbed habitats, the kind that would form around

human settlements where people cut down trees, trample the ground, deposit trash, and

(25)dig holes. It has been suggested that sunflower, sumpweed, and other plants almost

domesticated themselves, that is , they thrived in human –disturbed habitats, so humans intensively collected them and began to control their distribution. Women in the Archaic communities were probably the main experimenters with cultivation, because

ethnoarchaeological evidence tells us that women were the main collectors of plant food

and had detailed knowledge of plants.

10. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of the life of Archaic peoples?

(A) The principal sources of food that made up their diet

(B) Their development of ground stone tool technology

(D) Their distribution of work between men and women

11. The word “these” in line 13 refers to

(A) seeds

(B) river valleys

(D) experimentation and domestication

12 According to the passage, when did the domestication of plants begin in North America?

(A) 7,000 years ago

(B) 4,000 to 2,000 years ago

(D) Before the Archaic period

13. The word “adequate” in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) sufficient

(B) healthful

(D) dependable

14. According to the passage, which of the following was a possible motive for the cultivation of plants in eastern North America?

(A) Lack of enough wild food sources

(B) The need to keep trees from growing close to settlements

(E) Desire for the consistent availability of food

15. The phrase “rather than” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) in addition to

(B) instead of

(D) such as

16. The plant “sumpweed” is mentioned in line 25 in order to

(A) contrast a plant with high nutritional value with one with little nutritional value

(B) explain the medicinal use of a plant

(D) provide an example of a plant that was easy to domesticate

17. The word “thrived” in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) stayed

(B) originated

(D) died out

18. According to the passage, which of the following is true about all early domesticated plants?

(A) They were varieties of weeds.

(B) They were moved from disturbed areas.

(D) They failed to grow in trampled or damaged areas.

19. According to the passage, it is thought that most of the people who began cultivating plants were

(A) medical workers

(B) leaders of ceremonies

(D) hunters

Questions 20-29

Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass

migrations; these activities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the others

to follow. As a worker ant returns home after finding a source of food, it marks the route

by intermittently touching its stinger to the ground and depositing a tiny amount of trail

(5 )pheromone—a mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages as the context changes. These trails incorporate no directional information and may be followed by other ants in

either direction.

Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a food trail has to

be kept secret from members of other species. It is not surprising then that ant species use

(10)a wide variety of compounds as trail pheromones. Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals. Investigators working with the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculated that one milligram of this substance would suffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth.

The vapor of the evaporating pheromone over the trail guides an ant along the way,

(15)and the ant detects this signal with receptors in its antennae. A trail pheromone will

evaporate to furnish the highest concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is called a vapor space. In following the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from side

to side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna into

the vapor space. As the ant moves to the right, its left antenna arrives in the vapor space.

(20)The signal it receives causes it to swing to the left, and the ant then pursues this new course

until its right antenna reaches the vapor space. It then swings back to the right, and so

weaves back and forth down the trail.

20. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The mass migration of ants

(B) How ants mark and follow a chemical trail

(D) The information contained in pheromones

21. The word “forage” in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) look up

(B) walk toward

(D) search for food

22. The word “intermittently” in live 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) periodically

(B) incorrectly

(D) roughly

23. The phrase “the one” in line 8 refers to a single

(A) message

(B) dead ant

(D) species

24. According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trail pheromones?

(A) To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals

(B) To attract different types of ants

(D) To indicate how far away the food is

25. The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant in line 11 to point out

(A) how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail

(B) the different types of pheromones ants can produce

(D) that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone

26. According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?

(A) They concentrate on the smell of food.

(B) They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail

(D) They sense the vapor through their antennae.

27. The word “furnish” in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) include

(B) provide

(D) select

28. The word “ oscillating “ in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) falling

(B) depositing

(D) starting

29. According to the passage, the highest amount of pheromone vapor is found

(A) in the receptors of the ants

(B) just above the trail

(D) under the soil along the trail

Questions 30-39

Native Americans probably arrived from Asia in successive waves over several

millennia, crossing a plain hundreds of miles wide that now lies inundated by 160 feet

of water released by melting glaciers. For several periods of time, the first beginning

around 60,000 B.C. and the last ending around 7,000 B.C., this land bridge was open. The

(5 )first people traveled in the dusty trails of the animals they hunted. They brought with them

not only their families, weapons, and tools but also a broad metaphysical understanding,

sprung from dreams and visions and articulated in myth and song, which complemented

their scientific and historical knowledge of the lives of animals and of people. All this they

shaped in a variety of languages, bringing into being oral literatures of power and beauty.

(10) Contemporary readers, forgetting the origins of western epic, lyric, and dramatic

forms, are easily disposed to think of “literature” only as something written. But on

reflection it becomes clear that the more critically useful as well as the more frequently employed sense of the term concerns the artfulness of the verbal creation, not its mode of presentation. Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture,

(15)or mode of presentation, because some significant verbal achievement results from the

struggle in words between tradition and talent. Verbal art has the ability to shape out a compelling inner vision in some skillfully crafted public verbal form.

Of course, the differences between the written and oral modes of expression are not without consequences for an understanding of Native American literature. The essential

(20)difference is that a speech event is an evolving communication, an “emergent form,” the shape, functions, and aesthetic values of which become more clearly realized over the

course of the performance. In performing verbal art , the performer assumes responsibility

for the manner as well as the content of the performance, while the audience assumes the responsibility for evaluating the performer’s competence in both areas. It is this intense

(25)mutual engagement that elicits the display of skill and shapes the emerging performance.

Where written literature provides us with a tradition of texts, oral literature offers a

tradition of performances.

30. According to the passage, why did the first people who came to North America leave their homeland?

(A) They were hoping to find a better climate.

(B) They were seeking freedom.

(D) They were looking for food.

31. The phrase “are easily disposed” in line 11 is closet in meaning to

(A) demonstrate reluctance

(B) readily encourage others

(D) often fail

32.The word “Ultimately” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) frequently

(B) normally

(D) in the end

33.The word “compelling” in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) joyous

(B) intricate

(D) forceful

34. What is the main point of the second paragraph?

(A) Public performance is essential to verbal art.

(B) Oral narratives are a valid form of literature.

(D) The production of literature provides employment for many artists.

35. What can be inferred about the nature of the Native American literature discussed in the passage?

(A) It reflects historical and contemporary life in Asia.

(B) Its main focus is on daily activities.

(D) It is reshaped each time it is experienced.

36. According to the passage, what responsibility does the audience of a verbal art performance have ?

(A) They provide financial support for performances.

(B) They judge the quality of the content and presentation.

(D) They determine the length of the performance by requesting a continuation.

37. Which of the following is NOT true of the Native American literature discussed in the passage?

(A) It involves acting.

(B) It has ancient origins.

(D) It expresses an inner vision.

38. What can be inferred from the passage about the difference between written and oral literature?

(A) Written literature reflects social values better than oral literature does.

(B) Written literature involves less interaction between audience and creator during the creative progress than oral literature does.

(D) Written literature is not as highly respected as oral literature is.

39. What is the author’s attitude toward Native American literature?

(A) Admiring of its form

(B) Critical of the cost of its production

(D) Skeptical about its origins

Questions 40-50

The cities in the United States have been the most visible sponsors and beneficiaries

of projects that place art in public places. They have shown exceptional imagination in

applying the diverse forms of contemporary art to a wide variety of purposes. The

activities observed in a number of “pioneer” cities sponsoring art in public places—a

(5 ) broadening exploration of public sites, an increasing awareness among both sponsors

and the public of the varieties of contemporary artistic practice, and a growing public enthusiasm—are increasingly characteristic of cities across the country. With many

cities now undergoing renewed development, opportunities are continuously emerging

for the inclusion or art in new or renewed public environments, including buildings,

(10)plazas, parks, and transportation facilities. The result of these activities is a group of

artworks that reflect the diversity of contemporary art and the varying character and

goals of the sponsoring communities.

In sculpture, the projects range from a cartoonlike Mermaid in Miami Beach by

Roy Lichtenstein to a small forest planted in New York City by Alan Sonfist. The use

(15) of murals followed quickly upon the use of sculpture and has brought to public sites the

work of artists as different as the realist Thomas Hart Benton and the Pop artist Robert Rauschenberg. The specialized requirements of particular urban situations have further expanded the use of art in public places: in Memphis, sculptor Richard Hunt has created

a monument to Martin Luther King, Jr., who was slain there; in New York, Dan Flavin

(20) and Bill Brand have contributed neon and animation works to the enhancement of mass

transit facilities. And in numerous cities, art is being raised as a symbol of the

commitment to revitalize urban areas.

By continuing to sponsor projects involving a growing body of art in public places,

cities will certainly enlarge the situations in which the public encounters and grows

(25)familiar with the various forms of contemporary art. Indeed, cities are providing artists

with an opportunity to communicate with a new and broader audience. Artists are

recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account

when executing their public commissions. They are working in new, often more durable

media, and on an unaccustomed scale.

40. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) The influence of art on urban architecture in United States cities

(B) The growth of public art in United States cities.

(D) The differences between public art in Europe and the United States.

41. The word “exceptional” in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) remarkable

(B) fearless

(D) visible

42. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as results of the trend toward installing contemporary art in public places in the United States EXCEPT

(A) the transfer of artwork from private to public sites

(B) artworks that represent a city’s special character

(D) a broader understanding of the varieties of contemporary art

43. According to the passage, new settings for public art are appearing as a result of

(A) communities that are building more art museums

(B) artists who are moving to urban areas

(D) an increase in the number of artists in the United States.

44.The author mentions Roy Lichtenstein and Alan Sonfist in line 14 in order to

(A) show that certain artist are famous mostly for their public art

(B) introduce the subject of unusual works of art

(D) contrast the cities of Miami Beach and New York

45.It can be inferred from the passage that the city of Memphis sponsored a work by Richard Hunt because the city authorities believed that

(A) the sculpture would symbolize the urban renewal of Memphis

(B) Memphis was an appropriate place for a memorial to Martin Luther Ling, Jr.

(D) the sculpture would provide a positive example to other artists.

46. The word “enhancement” in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) replacement

(B) design

(D) decoration

47. The word “revitalize” in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) show the importance of

(B) promise to enlarge

(D) provide artworks for

48. The word “that” in line 27 refers to

(A) contemporary art

(B) opportunity

(D) distinction

49. The word “executing” in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) judging

(B) selling

(D) producing

50. According to paragraph 3, artists who work on public art projects are doing all of the following EXCEPT

(A) creating artworks that are unusual in size

(B) raising funds to sponsor various public projects

(D) using new materials that are long—lasting.

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