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Đề thi thử TOEFL ITP số 30 (ĐÁP ÁN CUỐI BÀI)

SECTION 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSION

(A) Go to the basketball game.

(B) Try to postpone the game.

(D) Change her work schedule.

(A) The man should consider changing jobs.

(B) The style of the suit is out-of-date.

(D) The man should buy the suit.

(A) He thinks they should study at the woman’s apartment.

(B) He won’t have much time to study.

(D) His apartment is in a noisy area.

(A) He lost Pam’s notes.

(B) He tried to call Pam yesterday.

(D) He forgot to return the notes to Pam.

(A) Speak to his teacher about the presentation.

(B) Record himself practicing the presentation.

(D) Ask someone else to do the presentation.

(A) Stop bothering the woman.

(B) Take the woman’s book with him.

(D) Ask someone else to go to the library.

(A) He isn’s very hungry right now.

(B) He regularly eats at this restaurant.

(D) He doesn’t want salad with his lunch.

(A) She’s still looking for an apartment.

(B) She was told the dorm was full.

(D) She wants to move out of the dorm.

(A) She knows the man’s sister.

(B) She wants to watch her sister play.

(D) She isn’t interested in soccer.

10.

(A) He’ll schedule the woman for an afternoon

(B) He can’t schedule an appointment for the woman.

(D) Dr. Anderson’s schedule is full.

11.

(A) She often spends time in the sun.

(B) The sun has already gone down.

(D) Her skin is sensitive to the sun.

12.

(A) She’s a very popular teacher.

(B) She assigns too much work.

(D) She wants to change the class schedule.

13.

(A) He needs the woman to drive him somewhere.

(B) He wants to sell the car to the woman.

(D) He’s satisfied with the car.

14.

(A) He’s been helping Bill with his studies.

(B) The woman is being unfair about Bill.

(D) Bill do better than expected his first year on the team.

15.

(A) Meet the new students at the visitors center.

(B) Send the new students on a bus tour of the city.

(D) Walk downtown with the new students.

16.

(A) The assignment will be time-consuming.

(B) She won’t do the assignment.

(D) She’s not interested in social issues.

17.

(A) The man will easily find a place to live.

(B) Apartments will be less expensive next year before.

(D) Her lease ends after graduation.

18.

(A) He plans to get his hair cut.

(B) He has a new hairstyle.

(D) He decided to grow his hair longer.

19.

(A) She’ll put on a scarf fight away.

(B) She doesn’t need a scarf.

(D) She doesn’t have a scarf with her right now.

20.

(A) He’s anxious to leave.

(B) His watch doesn’t work.

(D) He can’s see the clock.

21.

(A) Wait until his books arrive.

(B) Go to the volleyball tournament.

(D) Refuse the woman’s invitation.

22.

(A) He’ll repay the woman soon.

(B) He hasn’t received his financial statement yet.

(D) His loan isn’t due yet.

23.

(A) Bill is waiting to hear the results of the election.

(B) Bill will make an announcement at the meeting.

(D) The man should tell Bill to call Julie.

24.

(A) She doesn’t care much for jazz.

(B) She doesn’t like to borrow things.

(D) She doesn’t have much leisure time.

25.

(A) Dr. Smith usually sees patients promptly.

(B) Dr. Smith is very busy on Mondays.

(D) It’s hard to get an appointment to see Dr. Smith.

26.

(A) She doesn’t like the color of the man’s jacket.

(B) The railing didn’t really need to be painted.

(D) The man should have been more careful.

27.

(A) John has been forgetful lately.

(B) John is a wise leader.

(D) John now acts less friendly.

28.

(A) They get along with each other.

(B) They look a lot alike.

(D) They used to be good friends.

29.

(A) Sally doesn’t know where the class is held.

(B) Sally might not have left for class.

(D) Sally isn’t going to class today.

30.

(A) They need to phone the hospital for an appointment.

(B) They haven’t decided when to make the calls.

(D) They don’t need to make any more phone calls today.

31.

(A) It’s only open to poetry majors.

(B) It requires another class first.

(D) It’s only offered in the morning.

32.

(A) The class meets during his working hours.

(B) the class is too far away.

(D) He’s already familiar with the material.

33.

(A) All the other work schedules conflict with his classes.

(B) He doesn’t want to ask his boss for another favor.

(D) He likes to do his homework in the evening.

34.

(A) Its courses cost less.

(B) It has a pool.

(D) It may offer the class he needs during the day.

35.

(A) An experiment in Antarctica.

(B) The breaking off of part of the Larsen Ice Shelf.

(D) An expedition in Antarctica.

36.

(A) They could be a sign of global warming.

(B) They are disturbing Antarctic bird habitats.

(D) They refute current scientific theories.

37.

(A) No melting has been observed.

(B) The past several winters have been unusually severe.

(D) The ice shelf had remained intact for centuries despite the weather.

38.

(A) Warmer water temperatures.

(B) Less aquatic life.

(D) Colder winds.

39.

(A) How most species of spiders reproduce.

(B) How one species of spider feeds its young.

(D) How Darwin experimented with spiders.

40.

(A) They eat one another.

(B) They eat insects that they catch.

(D) They are attacked by other species of spiders.

41.

(A) No two members of a species are exactly alike.

(B) A single species may evolve into two separate species.

(D) The survival of the strongest in a species contributes to the survival of that species.

42.

(A) Early newspapers in England.

(B) The early history of magazines.

(D) Differences between newspapers and magazines.

43.

(A) Its publication was banned by the British government.

(B) It was the first weekly newspaper.

(D) It was the first magazine ever published.

44.

(A) It had many more pages than newspapers.

(B) It was given away for free.

(D) It was more widely available than newspapers.

45.

(A) He wrote articles critical of the Church of England.

(B) He refused to stop publishing The Review.

(D) He refused to join the Church of England.

46.

(A) It was not really a magazine.

(B) It featured a variety of articles and stories.

(D) It was unpopular with politicians.

47.

(A) How artists gained fame.

(B) A schedule of art exhibits.

(D) The preservation of old paintings.

48.

(A) Very few were produced.

(B) Most were kept only a short time.

(D) Many have been acquired by collectors.

49.

(A) The excitement of hunting.

(B) The beauty of nature.

(D) The protection of endangered species.

50.

(A) To let many people see their works.

(B) To earn money from the sale of calendars.

(D) To create gifts for people who bought their paintings.

Section Two: Structure and Written Expression

1.The socialization process explains ______ of societies through successive generations but also the ability of a society’s members to have meaningful interactions.

(A) that continuity, only not

(B) continuity, only not that

(D) not only the continuity

2.Heat transfer takes place when______ with a warmer substance.

(A) is there a colder substance

(B) a colder substance comes into contact

(D) contacts a colder substance

3.Formerly called natural philosophy, physics has retained______ of understanding the structure of the natural world and explaining natural phenomena.

(A) its original aim

(B) it aimed originally

(D) aiming originally

4.Some bird species have a song that is totally uninfluenced______ environment during their development, whereas other species learn from other birds while young.

(A) the

(B) yet the

(D) by the

5.Prior to the eighteenth century,______ storms formed and died out at the same location.

(A) a common belief that

(B) that a common belief

(D) because it was commonly believed

6.Grown widely in Iowa and Illinois, the soybean provides one of the world’s______ sources of protein.

(A) useful and cheaper mostly

(B) cheapest and most useful

(D) most cheaply and usefully

7.Copper______ used by humans and is second only to iron in its utility through the ages.

(A) the first metal

(B) was the first metal

(D) being the first metal

8.______ are inert outside living cells, but within the appropriate cells they can replicate, causing viral diseases in the host organism.

(A) Viruses

(B) That viruses

(D) Despite viruses

9.The United States Constitution provides for a count of the population______ a census, every ten years.

(A) that it is called

(B) when called

(D) as called

10.Digital recording has made______ a significantly wider dynamic range, in recorded music.

(A) for the possibility

(B) the possibility is

(D) possible

11.Not only______ people to send words, music, and codes to any part of the world, it can also be used to communicate far into space.

(A) enabled by radio

(B) radio enables

(D) radio has enabled

12.Allegory is a literary device______ another level of meaning is concealed within what is

usually a story.

(A) which

(B) by which

(D) which it is

13.The fact that______ was discovered in 1923 by the astronomer Edwin Hubble.

(A) the expansion of the universe

(B) the universe is expanding

(D) when he universe expands.

14.Today______ little fossil ivory remains comes from Alaska.

(A) what

(B) which

(D) where

15.Although most famous for her paintings of the Southwest desert,______ as well.

(A) Georgia O’keeffe painted many urban scenes

(B) the painting of many urban scenes by Georgia O’Keeffe

(D) Georgia O’Keeffe’s paintings of many urban scenes

16. It was in the 1920's that the arched-top guitar was first developed commercially in the

A B C

United States and use in dance bands.

17. The intensity of political struggles in the United States after 1824 led to the revival of

A B

the two-party system, which had been inactive when 1817.

C D

18. Fluids exert equal pressure in all directions, have identical properties throughout their

A B C

volume, and theoretically offering no resistance to flow in any direction.

19. Reading has come to be regarded as an integrated part of language study than rather an

A B C

isolated skill to be practiced out of context.

20. It has been estimated that during every second of our life, 10,000,000 red blood cells died

A B C

and are replaced by new ones.

21. Periodic fires commonly spread across grasslands and plays an important role in the

A B

maintenance and character of these ecosystems.

C D

22. The plots of William Gaddis's novels allow ample opportunity for philosophical, theological,

A B C

and society digression.

23. In additionally to being Mississippi's capital and largest city, Jackson is also the state's

A B C

financial and medical center.

24. Feasts and festivals among many Native American tribes in the United States celebration

A B C

agricultural and lunar events.

25. Neuropsychologist Marilyn Albert is looking beyond brain functions for answers the question

A B

"How do emotions and attitudes affect the process of aging?"

C D

26. Incorporated in 1828, Louisville, Kentucky, was named from King Louis XVI of France in

A B

recognition of his help during the Revolutionary War.

C D

27. Rainbows are formed by the refraction of sunlight through falling raindrop.

A B C D

28. Alaska, the largest state of the United states in area, is more than twice the size than Texas.

A B C D

29. Meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude form grid that can be used to locate the

A B C

position of any point on the Earth's surface.

30. Mercury and Venus are the only planets in the solar system where do not have moons.

A B C D

31. Carbohydrates, which include cellulose, sugary, and starches, are the most abundant class

A B C

of organic substances found in nature.

32. During the pre-Revolutionary period, the press in Britain's North American colonies was subject

A B

to licensing laws similar to them of Great Britain itself.

C D

33. In its pure state aluminum is a weak metal, but when combined with elements such as copper

A B

or magnesium, it is formed alloys of great strength.

C D

34. Specially bred varieties of lettuce can be grown in water containing dissolved nutritious

A B C D

rather than in soil.

35. Throughout the 1930's United States government patronage the arts was concentrated in the

A B C

section of the Works Progress Administration known as Federal One.

36. Essential a nineteenth-century instrument, the calliope was usually played outdoors and was

a part of fairs, holiday gatherings, and other such activities.

B C D

37. Winter broccoli has large, white heads similar to those of cauliflower, whereas sprouting

A B C

broccoli produces numerous small purplish, green, or white clump.

38. Greenpeace, an international organization of environmental activists founded by Canadians,

uses nonviolent means to protest and block activities it considers environmentally harm.

B C D

39. Beverly Sills was a child radio star who became one of the world's most dramatically gifted

A B

opera singer, making her debut at seventeen.

C D

40. In the practice of Gestalt therapy, many attention is given to nonverbal aspects of behavior.

A B C D

Section Three: Reading Comprehension

Questions 1-9

The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of

water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally

reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is

constantly modifying the face of the Earth.

(5) Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are

transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the

essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water

trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what is called the

hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a

(10) single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because

water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the

reference point that is sea level.

The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not random but is

a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as

(15) the average time for a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs-

atmosphere, continent, and ocean-we see that the times are very different. A water

molecule stays, on average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a

continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance

of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water

(20) transport on the continents.

A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the

continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are

dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay

where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow.

(25) Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The

erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent

processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and

efficiency depend on different factors.

1. The word "modifying" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) changing

(B) traveling

(D) destroying

2. The word "which" in line 5 refers to

(A) clouds

(B) oceans

(D) compounds

3. According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water

(A) precipitating onto the ground

(B) changing from a solid to a liquid state

(D) being carried by wind

4. The passage suggests that the purpose of the "hydrographic network" (line 9) is to

(A) determine the size of molecules of water

(B) prevent soil erosion caused by flooding

(D) regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers

5. What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?

(A) The potential energy contained in water

(B) The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds

(D) The relative size of the water storage areas

6. The word "rapidity" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) significance

(B) method

(D) reliability

7. The word "they" in line 24 refers to

(A) insoluble ions

(B) soluble ions

(D) continents

8. All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT

(A) magnesium

(B) iron

(D) calcium

9. The word "efficiency" in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) relationship

(B) growth

(D) effectiveness

Questions 10-19

Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of

Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres,

Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets. Of all the birds on

these cliffs, the black-legged kittiwake gull is the best suited for nesting on narrow

(5) ledges. Although its nesting habits are similar to those of gulls that nest on flat ground,

there are a number of important differences related to the cliff-nesting habit.

The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which

cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have

difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. This immunity has been followed

(10) by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as

fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls. A colony of Bonaparte's gulls responds to the

appearance of a predatory herring gull by flying up as a group with a clamor of alarm

calls, followed by concerted mobbing, but kittiwakes dimply ignore herring gulls, since

they pose little threat to nests on cliffs. Neither do kittiwakes attempt to conceal their

(15) nest. Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshells

after the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given away.

Kittiwakes defeacate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as

well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very

conspicuous.

(20) On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and

kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them. The female kittiwake sits

when mating, whereas other gulls stand, so the pair will not overbalance and fall off the

ledge. The nest is a deep cup, made of mud or seaweed, to hold the eggs safely,

compared with the shallow scrape of other gulls, and the chicks are remarkably

(25) immobile until fully grown. They do not run from their nests when approached, and if

they should come near to the cliff edge, they instinctively turn back.

10. What aspect of the kittiwake gull does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Its defensive behavior

(B) It interactions with other gull species

(D) Its physical difference from other gull species

11. The word "rear" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) visit

(B) watch

(D) raise

12. The word "scale" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) climb

(B) avoid

(D) measure

13. The word "immunity" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) distance

(B) transition

(D) reminder

14. Why is it difficult for ravens to steal the kittiwakes' eggs?

(A) The kittiwakes can see the ravens approaching the nest.

(B) The ravens cannot land on the narrow ledges where kittiwakes nest.

(D) The female kittiwakes rarely leave the nest.

15. The author mentions that eggshells little the nests of kittiwakes in order to

(A) demonstrate that kittiwakes are not concerned about predators

(B) prove how busy kittiwakes are in caring for their offspring

(D) illustrate kittiwakes' lack of concern for their chicks

16. According to the passage, it can be inferred that which of the following birds conceal their nest?

(A) Bonaparte's gulls

(B) Atlantic puffins

(D) Northern gannets

17.The word "it" in line 17 refers to

(A) location

(B) edge

(D) practice

18. The word "conspicuous" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) disordered

(B) suspicious

(D) appealing

19. The phrase "On the other hand" in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) therefore

(B) however

(D) by no means

Questions 20-29

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United

States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and

believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their

distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest

(5) occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the

number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the

national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands

abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the

city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and

(10) suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were

overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that

promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.

One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage

systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric

(15) networks were privately owned. Reformers fared that the privately owned utility

companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them

only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by

regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services

themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation

(20) would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.

While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at

the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced

human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future

growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization

(25) and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration

for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities

introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented

themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were

restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial

development.

20. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century

(B) The role of government in twentiethcentury urban renewal

(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century

21. The word "bias" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) diagonal

(B) slope

(D) prejudice

22. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas

(A) were suspicious of their neighbors

(B) were very proud of their lifestyle

(D) wanted to move to the cities

23. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to

(A) participate in the urban reform movement

(B) seek financial security

(D) avoid crime and corruption

24.The word "embraced" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) suggested

(B) overestimated

(D) welcomed

25. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?

(A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.

(B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth

(D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.

26. The word "exorbitant" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) additional

(B) expensive

(D) modified

27. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT

(A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies

(B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments

(D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments

28. The word "Proponents" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) Experts

(B) Pioneers

(D) Supporters

29. Why does the author mention "industrialization" (line 24)?

(A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities

(B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas

(D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories

Questions 30-39

By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this

time had been introduced into the American colonies though books and prints,

European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies

(and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art

(5) institutions.

By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the

artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been

willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping

shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which

(10) artists were described at the time suggests their status: "limner" was usually applied to

the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's: "painter" characterized anyone who

could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century, colonial artists who were

trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought

of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley,

(15) Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons. Although

subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to

allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image

indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James

Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of

(20) Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit

their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective

communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its

encouragement.

Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes,

(25) historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the

coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their

works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial

artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the

new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial

to the development of taste-a necessary step before art could assume an important role

in the new republic.

30. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) European influence on colonial American painting

(B) The importance of patronage to artist

(D) Subjects preferred by artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century.

31. The word "outbreak" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) cause

(B) beginning

(D) explanation

32. The word "undergone" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) led to

(B) transformed

(D) experienced

33. According to the passage, before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to

(A) paint wheel carriages

(B) paint portraits

(D) paint flat surfaces

34. It can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England

(A) considered artists to be superior to painters

(B) barely painted portraitists

(D) imitated English painters because it

35. The word "consorted" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) made decisions

(B) studies

(D) associated

36. The word "sufficient" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) adequate

(B) temporary

(D) expensive

37. According to the passage, artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings

(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings

(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings

(D) distinguished colonial American artists from European artists

38. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 19 as examples of which of the following?

(A) Art gallery owners who displayed only European art

(B) Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art

(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists

39. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?

(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.

(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.

(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.

Questions 40-50

Railroads reshaped the North American environment and reoriented North

American behavior. "In a quarter of a century", claimed the Omaha Daily Republican in

1883, "they have made the people of the United States homogeneous, breaking through

the peculiarities and provincialisms which marked separate and unmingling sections."

(5) The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources, made

velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and

carried consumer goods to households; it dispatched immigrants to unsettled places,

drew emigrants away from farms and villages to cities, and sent men and guns to battle.

It standardized time and travel, seeking to annihilate distance and space by allowing

(10) movement at any time and in any season or type of weather. In its grand and impressive

terminals and stations, architects recreated historic Roman temples and public baths,

French chateaus and Italian bell towers-edifices that people used as stages for many of

everyday life's high emotions: meeting and parting, waiting and worrying, planning

new starts or coming home.

(15) Passenger terminals, like the luxury express trains that hurled people over spots,

spotlight the romance of railroading. (The twentieth-Century Limited sped between

Chicago and New York in twenty hours by 1915). Equally important to everyday life

were the slow freight trans chugging through industrial zones, the morning and

evening commuter locals shuttling back ions and urban terminals, and the incessant

(20) comings and goings that occurred in the classifications, or switching, yards. Moreover,

in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical

plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone

lines the railroad nurtured factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and generating

stations, forming along its right-of-way what has aptly been called "the metropolitan

(25) corridor" of the American landscape.

40. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The influence of ancient architecture on the design of railroad terminals

(B) The importance of natural resources in the development of railroads

(D) Technological improvements in the area of communication in the nineteenth century

41. It can be inferred from the quote from the Omaha Daily Republican (line 2-5) that railroads

(A) made all sections of the nation much

(B) brought more unity to what had been a fragmented nation

(D) had no effect on the environment of the United States

42. The word "it" in line 7 refers to

(A) transport

(B) scale

(D) railroad

43. The word "drew" in line 8 is closest

(A) obliged

(B) designed

(D) attracted

44. The word "annihilate" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) conquer

(B) utilize

(D) mechanize

45. The word "Moreover" in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) consequently

(B) furthermore

(D) because

46. All of the following were true of impressive passenger terminals EXCEPT:

(A) Their architecture was influenced by the architecture of Europe.

(B) Luxury express trains traveled between them.

(D) They were important to many commuters.

47. According to the passage, which type of development lined the area along the metropolitan corridor?

(A) Stores and shopping areas

(B) Recreational areas wealthier

(D) Agricultural

48. The word "aptly" in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) appropriately

(B) virtually

(D) incessantly

49. The author mentions the Twentieth-Century Limited as an example of

(A) a freight train

(B) a commuter train

(D) an underground train

50.The author gives a synonym for which of the following words?

(A) Homogeneous (line 3)

(B) Standardized (line 9)

(D) Classification (line 20)

KEY
CCCDB BACBB DBDCB AABDA BACCA CDABD BABDB ADCBA DBDCA BCBAA
DBADC BBACD CBBAA DDDCC BDACB BDDBC BDCDB ADDCA
AACCD CABDC DACBA ACCBC DBBDA BDDAC BDBAD ACBDC BDDAB CCACD

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